The knee is a considerable, complex synovial joint, which may be called an atypical hinge joint. The primary axis of movement flexes and extends the leg around the thigh, but there is some rotation within the knee once the knee is flexed along with the foot is off the ground.
A. The talus bone articulates superiorly with the tibia and fibula in the ankle joint, with human body body weight handed with the tibia into the talus. System pounds within the talus is transmitted to the bottom by both of those finishes with the medial and lateral longitudinal foot arches. Body weight is passed posteriorly by way of each arches to your calcaneus bone, which sorts the heel from the foot and is also in connection with the bottom. On the medial side of the foot, overall body excess weight is handed anteriorly in the talus bone on the navicular bone, and afterwards towards the medial, intermediate, and lateral cuneiform bones.
The distal conclude on the femur has medial and lateral bony expansions. Within the lateral aspect, The sleek part that addresses the distal and posterior elements of the lateral enlargement would be the lateral condyle of your femur. The roughened spot around the outer, lateral aspect of your condyle may be the lateral epicondyle from the femur. Likewise, The graceful region in the distal and posterior medial femur is definitely the medial condyle of the femur, and the irregular outer, medial facet of This can be the medial epicondyle in the femur. The lateral and medial condyles articulate Using the tibia to sort the knee joint.
The lower limbs are the supporting pillars whenever we stand. A pillar will need to have strength and will have to not collapse underneath the load over. The bones, joints and muscles together change the lower limb into a secure assistance which happens to be connected to the trunk through the pelvic girdle. The pillar is divided into segments, the thigh, leg and foot.
joint Situated with the proximal conclusion on the lower limb; fashioned by the articulation amongst the acetabulum with the hip bone and the head on the femur
The patella is usually a sesamoid bone Positioned inside a muscle tendon. It articulates While using the patellar area to the anterior facet with the distal femur, therefore safeguarding the muscle tendon from rubbing versus the femur.
The semitendinosus acts on two joints; extension of the hip, flexion with the knee, and medial rotation in the leg. Distally, the semimembranosus' tendon is divided into 3 components referred to as the pes anserinus profondus. Functionally, the semimembranosus is comparable towards the semitendinosus, and so generates extension at the hip joint and flexion and medial rotation for the knee.[24] Posteriorly beneath the knee joint, the popliteus stretches obliquely within the lateral femoral epicondyle right down to the posterior area on the tibia. The subpopliteal bursa is located deep on the muscle mass. Popliteus flexes the knee joint and medially rotates the leg.[25]
The read more elongated shaft in the femur contains a slight anterior bowing or curvature. At its proximal conclude, the posterior shaft has the gluteal tuberosity, a roughened region extending inferiorly with the better trochanter.
The head from the fibula is definitely the modest, knob-like, proximal finish with the fibula. It articulates With all the inferior aspect of the lateral tibial condyle, forming the proximal tibiofibular joint. The skinny shaft from the fibula has the interosseous border with the fibula, a narrow ridge jogging down its medial side with the attachment in the interosseous membrane that spans the fibula and tibia.
The femur is The one bone on the thigh. Its rounded head articulates Using the acetabulum of your hip bone to kind the hip joint. The head has the fovea capitis for attachment with the ligament of The pinnacle in the femur. The slender neck joins inferiorly Together with the higher and lesser trochanters. Passing concerning these bony expansions are definitely the intertrochanteric line about the anterior femur and also the much larger intertrochanteric crest around the posterior femur.
Reply: The proximal group of tarsal bones consists of the calcaneus and talus bones, the navicular bone is intermediate, as well as the distal group is made up of the cuboid bone in addition the medial, intermediate, and lateral cuneiform bones.
Extension is definitely the return motion from flexion and carries on past the anatomical position to position the foot driving the body. Extension raises the human body from sitting down to standing, and up on towards the step earlier mentioned in climbing stairs.
The anterior fifty percent in the foot is shaped via the 5 metatarsal bones, which can be found between the tarsal bones from the posterior foot as well as the phalanges on the toes (see [url]). These elongated bones are numbered one–five, starting off While using the medial aspect from the foot. The initial metatarsal bone is shorter and thicker as opposed to Other folks. The next metatarsal would be the longest. The bottom on the metatarsal bone would be the proximal stop of every metatarsal bone. These articulate With all the cuboid or cuneiform bones.
The human adaption to bipedalism has also affected The situation of your body's center of gravity, the reorganization of interior organs, and the shape and biomechanism in the trunk.[9] In individuals, the double S-formed vertebral column acts as an awesome shock-absorber which shifts the burden from your trunk over the load-bearing area on the feet.